Not-for-profit transparency watchdog Airwars has published a report detailing how machine learning and artificial intelligence are used throughout modern warfare. Titled Anatomy of an AI Kill Chain, the study maps six stages of military targeting, covering surveillance, intelligence gathering, target selection, strikes, and post-strike assessments. The authors note that in some United States military operations, humans are involved in only two of these stages, with a third receiving partial oversight while the rest are fully automated. Co-author Sophia Goodfriend emphasised that the report aims to encourage scrutiny of the full stack of interconnected AI technologies, rather than focusing on individual autonomous weapons.

Background: Robotics and Autonomous Systems

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